The VANDELS Survey: new constraints on the high-mass X-ray binary populations in normal star-forming galaxies at 3 < z < 5.5
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The VANDELS Survey : new constraints on the high-mass X-ray binary populations in normal star-forming galaxies at 3 < z < 5.5. / Saxena, A.; Ellis, R. S.; Forster, P. U.; Calabro, A.; Pentericci, L.; Carnall, A. C.; Castellano, M.; Cullen, F.; Fontana, A.; Franco, M.; Fynbo, J. P. U.; Gargiulo, A.; Garilli, B.; Hathi, N. P.; McLeod, D. J.; Amorin, R.; Zamorani, G.
In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 505, No. 4, 08.2021, p. 4798-4812.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - The VANDELS Survey
T2 - new constraints on the high-mass X-ray binary populations in normal star-forming galaxies at 3 < z < 5.5
AU - Saxena, A.
AU - Ellis, R. S.
AU - Forster, P. U.
AU - Calabro, A.
AU - Pentericci, L.
AU - Carnall, A. C.
AU - Castellano, M.
AU - Cullen, F.
AU - Fontana, A.
AU - Franco, M.
AU - Fynbo, J. P. U.
AU - Gargiulo, A.
AU - Garilli, B.
AU - Hathi, N. P.
AU - McLeod, D. J.
AU - Amorin, R.
AU - Zamorani, G.
PY - 2021/8
Y1 - 2021/8
N2 - We use VANDELS spectroscopic data overlapping with the similar or equal to 7 Ms Chandra Deep Field South survey to extend studies of high-mass X-ray binary systems (HMXBs) in 301 normal star-forming galaxies in the redshift range 3 < z < 5.5. Our analysis evaluates correlations between X-ray luminosities (L-X), star formation rates (SFRs), and stellar metallicities (Z(star)) to higher redshifts and over a wider range in galaxy properties than hitherto. Using a stacking analysis performed in bins of both redshift and SFR for sources with robust spectroscopic redshifts without AGN signatures, we find convincing evolutionary trends in the ratio L-X/SFR to the highest redshifts probed, with a stronger trend for galaxies with lower SFRs. Combining our data with published samples at lower redshift, the evolution of L-X/SFR to z similar or equal to 5 proceeds as (1 + z)(1.03 +/- 0.02). Using stellar metallicities derived from photospheric absorption features in our spectroscopic data, we confirm indications at lower redshifts that L-X/SFR is stronger for metal-poor galaxies. We use semi-analytic models to show that metallicity dependence of L-X/SFR alone may not be sufficient to fully explain the observed redshift evolution of X-ray emission from HMXBs, particularly for galaxies with SFR < 30 M-circle dot yr(-1). We speculate that reduced overall stellar ages and 'burstier' star formation histories in the early Universe may lead to higher L-X/SFR for the same metallicity. We then define the redshift-dependent contribution of HMXBs to the integrated X-ray luminosity density and, in comparison with models, find that the contribution of HMXBs to the cosmic X-ray background at z > 6 may be greater than or similar to 0.25 dex higher than previously estimated.
AB - We use VANDELS spectroscopic data overlapping with the similar or equal to 7 Ms Chandra Deep Field South survey to extend studies of high-mass X-ray binary systems (HMXBs) in 301 normal star-forming galaxies in the redshift range 3 < z < 5.5. Our analysis evaluates correlations between X-ray luminosities (L-X), star formation rates (SFRs), and stellar metallicities (Z(star)) to higher redshifts and over a wider range in galaxy properties than hitherto. Using a stacking analysis performed in bins of both redshift and SFR for sources with robust spectroscopic redshifts without AGN signatures, we find convincing evolutionary trends in the ratio L-X/SFR to the highest redshifts probed, with a stronger trend for galaxies with lower SFRs. Combining our data with published samples at lower redshift, the evolution of L-X/SFR to z similar or equal to 5 proceeds as (1 + z)(1.03 +/- 0.02). Using stellar metallicities derived from photospheric absorption features in our spectroscopic data, we confirm indications at lower redshifts that L-X/SFR is stronger for metal-poor galaxies. We use semi-analytic models to show that metallicity dependence of L-X/SFR alone may not be sufficient to fully explain the observed redshift evolution of X-ray emission from HMXBs, particularly for galaxies with SFR < 30 M-circle dot yr(-1). We speculate that reduced overall stellar ages and 'burstier' star formation histories in the early Universe may lead to higher L-X/SFR for the same metallicity. We then define the redshift-dependent contribution of HMXBs to the integrated X-ray luminosity density and, in comparison with models, find that the contribution of HMXBs to the cosmic X-ray background at z > 6 may be greater than or similar to 0.25 dex higher than previously estimated.
KW - galaxies: evolution
KW - galaxies: high-redshift
KW - X-rays: binaries
KW - EMISSION-LINE SPECTRA
KW - LY-ALPHA
KW - ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTRA
KW - EMITTING GALAXIES
KW - SCALING RELATIONS
KW - STELLAR-MASS
KW - METALLICITY
KW - LUMINOSITY
KW - REIONIZATION
KW - CANDELS
U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stab1575
DO - 10.1093/mnras/stab1575
M3 - Journal article
VL - 505
SP - 4798
EP - 4812
JO - Royal Astronomical Society. Monthly Notices
JF - Royal Astronomical Society. Monthly Notices
SN - 0035-8711
IS - 4
ER -
ID: 299751442